Climate Change Summit Paris
Read the Original Paris Agreement on Climate Change
Interactive Version of the First Nation-by-Nation Climate Plans Agreement
Via CarbonBrief (2015)
On 12 December 2015, after 21 years of negotiations, the United Nations delivered a universal, legally binding climate change agreement.
The 32-page document sets out how countries should reduce their emissions, adapt to climate impacts and finance the low-carbon economy over the coming decades.
Over the course of 2015, the text was shortened and simplified — but it was only in Paris that countries got down to the business of haggling over the most controversial elements of the text and deciding on the precise wording of the deal.
This interactive graphic outlines and explains all the fundamental components of the Paris deal.
Among other issues, the graphic covers mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, finance and transparency. It looks at the elements of the so-called “ambition mechanism”, the inclusion of a 1.5C aspirational target, the long-term goal, and more...
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National Climate Action Plans/Data @ GreenPolicy360
Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan
Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma / Myanmar Burundi
Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire/Ivory Coast Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic
Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic
Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia
Finland France
Gambia Georgia (Europe) Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana
Honduras Hungary
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India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy
Japan Jordan
Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan
Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg
Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique
Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue North Korea Norway
Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal
Romania Russian Federation Rwanda
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Green Education ➡️ Green Best Practices
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Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria https://greenpolicy360.net/w/Syria
Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu
UK Ukraine United Arab Emirates Uruguay US Uzbekistan
Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam
Zimbabwe
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Climate Problems, Climate Solutions Climate Action Plans, Green Best Practices International Climate Plans, Pledges & Promises -- INDCs to NDCs
Pressuring Nations to Step Up, Cooperate & Act Now Science Initiatives & Data, Environmental Laws & Enforcement
A Project of the "NewClimate Institute"
Climate News & Security
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2026
2025
Seven years ago, the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicted that the world wouldn’t warm 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels until 2040.
Then two years ago, the group predicted the world would pass that threshold between 2030 and 2035.
Now, new data from the World Meteorological Organization released Wednesday indicates that the Earth will cross this point in just two years...
With Trump November 2024 election, U.S. again exits Paris Climate Agreement and announces end to International Climate Cooperation
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2024/2023
GreenPolicy360: Climate Plans Enforcement Initiative
Methods to Enforce Climate Plan Pledges
Pressuring Nations to Step Up, Cooperate, and Act Now
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
Environmental Laws, Regulations, Rules... Lawsuits & Legal Actions
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2022
Global Climate Summits in Paris (2015), Glasgow (2021) and Sharm El-Sheikh (2022): Now the National Promises and Pledges Made in the UN Conferences Agreements Need To Be 'Reality Checked'
U.S. Re-enters Paris Climate Agreement and Re-starts International Climate Cooperation -- 2021
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2021
US Rejoins the Paris / International Climate Agreement (as the World Questions the US Commitment)
As the U.S. Abandons International Cooperation -- 2020
2020 NDC Tracker - International Climate Commitments
The data, the hard facts and based on the consensus science -- Nations are aiming to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius but even if all nations achieve the targets set for themselves at the 2015 Paris Agreement (nationally determined climate goals), our global temperatures are on track to rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.
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Climate Change Performance Index
Published annually since 2005, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) is an independent monitoring tool for tracking countries’ climate protection performance. It aims to enhance transparency in international climate politics and enables comparison of climate protection efforts and progress made by individual countries.
The implementation phase of the Paris Agreement enters a crucial phase in 2020, where countries are due to submit their updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). In light of this, the CCPI aims to inform the process of raising climate ambition. As a long-standing and reliable tool for identifying leaders and laggards in climate protection, the CCPI can be a powerful instrument to hold governments accountable for their responsibility to act on the climate crisis – and of stimulating a race to the top in climate action.
News on the #ClimateCrisis: States / Regions Plan and Act
Report via The Climate Group
On the Brink
"We are on perilous ground"
The annual Emissions Gap Report, which compares where greenhouse gas emissions are heading, versus where they need to be, shows that emissions need to fall by 7.6 per cent each year over the next decade, if the world is to get back on track towards the goal of limiting temperature rises to close to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
Only 2 countries are meeting their climate pledges
Update (2018):
We collectively face the effects of climate change, as it reaches beyond economies, borders, cultures, and languages. In 2017, air pollution was a cause of almost 5 million deaths worldwide while 62 million people in 2018 were affected by natural hazards, with 2 million needing to move elsewhere due to climate events. A transition to a green and low-carbon economy is not a niche nor is it a "nice to have" for the happy few. It is crucial for our own survival. -- "A Call for Action": Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS)
- Global Climate Agreement Tracker
- Click on the Map for the Latest Country-by-Country News
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Climate Change Litigation Databases: Global Action
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International Climate Agreement, Paris: How it came together & next steps
December 12, 2015: Agreement Reached
Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations secretary general: the talks were the most complicated and difficult negotiations I'd ever been involved in.
“I have been attending many difficult multilateral negotiations, but by any standard, this negotiation is most complicated, most difficult, but most important for humanity.”
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As Executive Secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (@UNFCCC), Christiana Figueres brought it all together...'Christiana made it go
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As president of the climate summit, Laurent Fabius was responsible for translating 195 nations worth of desires, disputes, and compromises into a document... Laurent Fabius, Non-stop Climate Negotiator
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The Announcement of the Paris Agreement
Historic Agreement on Climate Change
The Paris Agreement
Conference of the Parties: ADOPTION OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)
Submitted plans -- http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Submission%20Pages/submissions.aspx
INDC portal -- http://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php
As the Paris Conference draws to a closing vote .....
Report from Rebecca Solnit, Dec 12, 2015
More @ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_News
Tougher 1.5C warming ambition makes it into 'clean' text. The new text says:
- Hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C, recognizing that this would significantly reduce risks and impacts of climate change.
Four of the most controversial issues at the Paris climate talks
Action beyond Paris, Remarks by John Kerry / Dec 9
Circulated draft agreement / Dec 8
Draft Agreement / Limited Distribution / Dec 5
On Saturday a working draft of the climate change accord was presented to working groups and the French foreign minister, Laurent Fabius, who is serving as the president of the conference...
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Rebecca Solnit: The climate conference is tens of thousands of people from civil society, government, and industry gathered in what I’ve come to think of as the End-of-the-World’s Fair, a vast, secured suburban cluster of convention buildings with exhibits, displays, meeting rooms, conferences, and cafes. The meetings are essentially editorial meetings; the editors are the 195 nations’ negotiating teams. The text is a document proposing how we manage the fate of the world. There are line-by-line fights, battles over the terms, which result in terms being placed in brackets and in brackets inside brackets.
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Reports from the Paris Conference
B -- http://www.bbc.com/news/live/science-environment-34922775
B -- http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2436912/paris-climate-summit-day-one-live-blog
C -- http://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-the-negotiating-alliances-at-the-paris-climate-conference --- http://www.carbonbrief.org/paris-2015-tracking-country-climate-pledges
C -- http://carbon-pulse.com/12636/
C -- https://twitter.com/ciel_tweets (Legal perspectives)
C -- http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/11/30/cop21-live-world-leaders-pledge-climate-action/
C -- https://twitter.com/cop21 (Official)
F -- http://blogs.ft.com/the-world/liveblogs/2015-11-30/
G -- https://twitter.com/grist
L -- http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-pol-ca-climate-change-talks-updates-day-3-htmlstory.html
N -- http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11556208 (Associated Press, eg, over-the-wires MSM)
- http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/climate/2015-paris-climate-talks/leonardo-dicaprio-michael-bloomberg-climate-mayors
- (NYT Q & A / Change Visualized / From the Archives / Diplomacy / Expert Takes / Overheard in Paris / Summit Scenes)
P -- http://www.politico.eu/article/cop21-paris-climate-summit-liveblog/
R -- http://live.reuters.com/Event/Conference_of_Parties_-_COP21
R -- https://www.reddit.com/r/COP21/ --- https://www.reddit.com/r/environment/
- 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference / Links and discussion regarding COP21 in Paris in December 2015
S -- http://harpers.org/archive/2015/12/power-in-paris/ (Solnit via Harpers)
U -- http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/11/cop21-liveblog/
W -- http://www.wri.org/events/2015/11/cop21-live-blog-heads-state-speeches
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How far can solar energy go?
If we could catch one five-thousandth part of the energy that the Sun sprays onto the Moon, onto this globe every day, we would supply all the energy requirements of humanity. So how inefficient are we that we can't get that much?"
Attenborough is one of the public faces at the global climate summit of an initiative dubbed the Global Apollo Programme, which seeks to make renewable energy cheaper than coal within 10 years.
The goal would be achieved by convincing governments to invest US$15 billion (€14.2 billion) a year in research and development - a patch, the programme says, on the US$100 billion spent annually on defense-related R&D.
The resulting knowledge and technology should be made freely available to all. The incentive? "Only saving the world," said Attenborough.
Making renewables cheaper than energy from coal, oil and gas was the only answer, added Attenborough. "Then the nations of the world, developed or undeveloped, would choose to use that rather than carbon-derived fuel so that the coal and oil which has caused so much trouble now will stay in the ground where it's out of trouble."
The Big Picture -- Environmental Security
"Mission Innovation/Breakthrough Energy Coalition"
http://mission-innovation.net/
http://mission-innovation.net/statement/
http://www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com/en/index.html
Via the Washington Post -- Bill Gates on climate change: 'We need to move faster than the energy sector ever has.'
The first goal of the Mission Innovation green initiative is to double the R&D (research and development) budget allocated for the renewable energy sector over the next five years.
The second goal represents a coalition of 28 leading private investors from all over the world (including here both Democrats and Republicans from the U.S.), that are committed to invest unprecedented resources needed to bring the clean technologies to the market.
* https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/11/29/announcing-mission-innovation
More on Energy Innvovation / Renewables - Energy - Batteries and Grid-Scale Storage
http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Energy_Storage_-_Batteries_and_Grid
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GreenPolicy - Background Briefings for the Paris Climate Summit[edit]
* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Climate_News
* http://strategicdemands.com/thin-blue-as-the-paris-climate-summit-convenes/
* https://plus.google.com/collection/8cybJB
* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Look_at_how_thin_our_atmosphere_is
* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:ThinBlueLayer
A Brief History of Carbon Emissions So Far
- The more we talk about climate change the worse CO2 gets
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♦ NASA/JPL News: As Earth Warms, NASA Targets 'Other Half' of Carbon, Climate Equation
♦ Climate Conference - December in Paris 2015
♦ UN Framework Convention on Climate Change / UNFCCC
♦ Climate Change... Pulse of the Planet
♦ https://www.pinterest.com/stratdem/environmental-security
♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Security
♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Observations
♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/OCO-2
♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Research_from_Space
♦ http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Environmental_full-cost_accounting
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GreenPolicy360 Siterunner: (Connecting the 'dots')
December 1968 "Earthrise" led to April 1970 "Earth Day" which led the first National Climate Act in 1978 which led to the first "Earth Summit" in 1992 which began international climate conferences that brought the nations of the world the 2015 Climate Change agreement in Paris with ~200 "Intended National Climate Contributions" (National Climate Plans)
Looking back: the First Earth Summit and Climate Conference
- June 1992, Rio de Janeiro
Earth Summit (First Global Climate Conference)
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'Earthrise' (December 1968) and 'Earth Day' (April 1970)
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Beginnings of the Modern Environmental Movement
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/1969_beginnings_of_the_modern_environmental_movement.pdf
SJS / GreenPolicy360 Siterunner: It was a mind-changing year. Beginning with the historic 1968 "Earthrise" photo taken as Apollo 8 astronauts circled the moon in preparation for 1969's Apollo 11 and humankind's first step on the Moon...
Apollo 11, July 1969
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Peace "Teach-ins" Inspire a First "Earth Day"Teach-In
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Day
On the 50th Anniversary
Memories on the Road to the First Earth Day
By Steve Schmidt
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Day_Memories_on_the_50th_Anniversary
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Green Politics 360
- GreenPolicy360 pages for Planet Citizens to explore
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Photo by Steven J. Schmidt | Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
Remembering the First Earth Summit
"It has been a long, long road" -- 1968 to 1992 -- and the journey continues onward...
Earth Summit 1992 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit
UN Conventions on Climate Change (Conferences of the Parties (COP), following the 1992 agreement to hold annual international gatherings - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change
Steve Schmidt, GreenPolicy360 Siterunner (2023): The journey began in 1968 and the beginnings of the modern environmental movement with "Earthrise" and organizing of the first "Earth Day" in 1970. Next we moved onto Earth Science and a first-gen foundation of legislation legislation and more environmental organizing up until 1992, a presidential campaign, an environmental protection platform drafting, and then a first Earth Summit and creation of the annual international climate conferences (the UNFCCCs "Conferences of the Parties").
Fifty+ years of environmental, green activism and still going and going and going ....
I'm older now and looking back over the years from those first photos of our home planet that opened our student eyes.... There were those early years of organizing for peace and pushing for environmental protection as we put forward 'teach ins' and moved our message to the first Earth Day.
Then there was continuing the work with Congressman Brown and an international cast of scientists via the US Congress and the Committee on Science, Technology and Space, the first of a host of 'Earth Science Missions from Space', and the first 'National Climate Act in 1978 and the famous US Senate hearings in the late 80s, 1988 in fact with warnings from Dr. James Hansen. The warnings of of climate change and global warming were in the news and on front pages, at least for awhile.
Then came organizing and reporting of at the first "Earth Summit", a conference of nations, organizations, and activists that led to the first global climate 'Conference of the Parties' (UNFCCCs). My reports to the Environmental News Service (ENS) were picked up and I would add positions into environmental platform planks in the the 'Platform in Progress' for California Governor Jerry Brown's presidential campaign. Soon came drafting of the original US Green Party platform. Today, the work continues... 1968 to 1992 and 1992 to today, over half a century and still going....
Here are some links from the journey -- Representative George E. Brown's work to advance climate science, beginning in earnest with the first National Climate Act of 1978 and establishment of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to push what was called a "big science, earth science" agenda with the first generation of focused earth studies and science, measuring and monitoring 'the Commons' , earth's atmosphere, natural resources (e.g., Landsat's start up and a deep, multi-decade array of NASA/NOAA/USGS missions....
A tip of our GreenPolicy360 hat to #PlanetCitizens and #PlanetCitizensPlanetScientists.
Look closely at the results of the international efforts that followed the first Earth Summit.
The green work to protect continues...
Photo by Astronaut Scott Kelly in the International Space Station flying over Paris as the 2015 UN Climate Conference
Historic Agreements, Generation Green Opportunities for Citizen Activism
- "Earth Is in Our Hands"
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Climate News Now
Time to act to make a difference
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Here's to Opportunities for Citizen Activism
- https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/PlanetCitizen
- https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Generation_Green
- https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizens,_Planet_Scientists
FB post from GreenPolicy360's siterunner
"Thin Blue"
- Our PlanetCitizen mission -- Greening Our Blue Planet
- To protect & preserve Earth's thin layer of life-enabling atmosphere
NASA - Astronaut Reid Wiseman
* https://greenpolicy360.net/images/Reid_Wiseman_thinbluelayer_m.jpg
* https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BuDZa8ZCEAAJzmd.jpg:large
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"We’re running the most dangerous experiment in history right now, which is to see how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere can handle before there is an environmental catastrophe... The greater the change to the chemical composition of the physical, chemical makeup of the oceans and atmosphere [due to increased carbon emissions], the greater the long-term effect will be... [W]hy would you run this crazy experiment to see how bad it'll be? We know it's at least some bad, and the overwhelming scientific consensus is that it'll be 'really bad'." -- Elon Musk
"We are beginning to realize the extent of an existential experiment humanity is conducting in the atmosphere of the planet, the "Thin Blue Layer". The Anthropocene era is a gathering storm that is changing 'nature' as nature used to be... Our challenge is to use our native intelligence to protect the life-enabling atmosphere, to make decisions that sustain and benefit life today and for future generations." -- Steven Schmidt
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