Extinction
Extinction issues -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction
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Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems / March 2015
“There are really only two big patches of intact forest left on Earth”
... the studies showed that when patches of forest become smaller and more isolated, the abundance of birds, mammal, insects and plants decreases in kind — those pressures reduced the species’ ability to persist... On average... fragmented forests lose more than half of their species within just 20 years; in the one experiment that’s still ongoing after more than two decades, the losses are continuing to compound.
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The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert, published February 2014
Wikipedia / Book: The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert
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Biodiversity -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
http://science.jrank.org/pages/861/Biodiversity-Species-richness-biosphere.html
THE BIOSPHERE
The biosphere is integral to the functioning of earth systems. First, the present atmosphere is the product of respiration on the part of plants, which receive carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. In addition, transpiration, a form of evaporation from living organisms (primarily plants), is a mechanism of fundamental importance for moving moisture from the hydrosphere through the biosphere to the atmosphere....
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http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/