Point Arena, CA Genetically Modified Organisms Ordinance
Type: Ordinance
Status: Adopted on 5/24/05
Source File: http://environmentalcommons.org/Point-Arena-Ordinance.pdf
Text:
ORDINANCE NO. 193 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF POINT ARENA ADDING AN ORDINANCE REGULATING GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS.
The City Council of the City of Point Arena does ordain as follows:
CHAPTER 8.25: GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS
8.25.010 Title. This ordinance shall be known as the City of Point Arena Genetically Modified Organisms Ordinance.
8.25.020 Findings. The City Council makes the following findings:
A. Genetically modified life forms and their resulting products are being developed with precipitous speed, and have been introduced into the marketplace before the potential risks and long-term effects of these products have been studied. There are inadequate long-term studies on the impact of genetically modified foods and their impact on humans. It is necessary to protect Point Arena’s agricultural industry, natural environment, private property rights of our citizens, and the health and safety of our people by restricting the introduction of genetically altered crops, and other organisms.
B. The impact on our natural environment from genetically modified organisms and contamination from such is unpredictable, ultimately uncontrollable, and has received little study. It is undeniable that genetically engineered crops have the potential to contaminate other crops and plants, at a distance, through cross-pollination. This may alter or displace existing species of plants, thereby threatening historical preserved strains of food crops, destroying local ecosystems and eradicating biodiversity.
C. The planting of genetically modified crops may accelerate the development of resistant pest populations, thus limiting the types of pesticides and herbicides that can be used in the future to control those pests and has the potential for producing “super weeds” that are difficult and expensive for farmers and communities to eradicate.
D. It is impossible for a farmer who plants genetically modified plants to contain the pollen from those crops, and to prevent the contamination of conventionally propagated crops belonging to others at a distance.
E. It is the intent of the City Council of the City of Point Arena to uphold the public health, safety and welfare of the citizens of the City of Point Arena and to prevent Agricultural and Environmental contamination from transgenic, genetically modified organisms.
F. Based on these factors, the City Council finds that the propagation, cultivation, raising, and growing of genetically engineered crops in the City of Point Arena constitutes a public nuisance, and shall not be deemed legitimate agricultural operations.
8.05.030 Definitions.
A. “Crop” means the growing of an agricultural product.
B. “DNA” means deoxyribonucleic acid, the material naturally found within living cells which contains the genetic code and transmits hereditary patterns.
C. “Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)” means an organism or the offspring of an organism the DNA of which has been altered or amended through genetic engineering. Such organisms are also sometimes referred to as “genetically engineered organisms” or “transgenic organisms.”
D. “Genetic engineering” means altering or amending DNA using recombinant DNA technology such as gene deletion, gene doubling, introducing a foreign gene, or changing the position of genes, and includes cell fusion, micro encapsulation, macro encapsulation, gene splicing, and other similar processes. Genetic engineering does not include traditional selective breeding, conjugation, fermentation, hybridization, in vitro fertilization, or tissue culture.
E. “Organism” means any living thing, exclusive of human beings and human fetuses.
8.05.040 Prohibitions.
It is unlawful for any person, partnership, corporation, firm or organization of any kind to sell, distribute, propagate, cultivate, raise or grow seeds, whole plants, or crops of genetically modified organisms in the City of Point Arena, and any act in violation of this provision is declared to constitute a public nuisance.
8.05.050 Exemptions.
A. Nothing in this Ordinance shall make it unlawful for a person or other legal entity in the City of Point Arena to purchase, sell or distribute genetically modified human food, animal feed or other agricultural products that lack the potential to reproduce through pollination or seed dispersal.
B. Nothing in this Ordinance shall make it unlawful for medical or agricultural research institutions, laboratories or manufacturing facilities in the City to conduct licensed medical or agricultural research or medical production involving genetically engineered organisms whose reproduction in the environment can be physically contained. Any person or entity seeking to use genetically modified organisms under the exemption shall provide the City Council with proof that such material is adequately contained to prevent the escape of genetically engineered organisms from the laboratory environment.
8.05.060 Violation Penalties.
Any person or entity that willfully violates the provisions of this Ordinance shall be guilty of an infraction for the first offense and may be charged with a misdemeanor for any additional offense in the same year.
8.05.070 Nuisance Remedies.
It is declared that any sale, distribution, propagation, cultivation, raising or growing of crops of genetically modified organisms is a public nuisance and the City Council may cause proceedings to be brought to abate or otherwise remedy the nuisance in accordance with Chapter 8.05 of the Point Arena Municipal Code.
8.05.080 Abatement of Immediate Hazard.
Notwithstanding the nuisance abatement procedure of Chapter 8.05 of the Point Arena Municipal Code, if the Point Arena City Council determines that the nuisance constitutes an immediate hazard to adjoining or nearby property or ecosystem, and that great or irreparable injury would result from delay until expiration of the time required under Chapter 8.05, the City Council may utilize a judicial process to seek an abatement order.
8.05.090 Severability.
The provisions of this Ordinance are severable. If any provision of this Ordinance or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
8.05.100 Effective Date.
This ordinance will take effect thirty days (30) after the date of its adoption. Introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Point Arena on April 26, 2005, and Passed and Adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Point Arena, Mendocino County, California, on the 24th day of May, 2005, by the following vote:
AYES: Councilmembers Ferrari, Smith, Cross, Sinnott, and Dahlhoff NOES: None ABSENT: None
s/Leslie Dahlhoff, MAYOR ATTEST: Fred D. Patten, CITY CLERK