Environmental movement

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:<big><big>''"Greening Our Blue Planet"''</big></big>
 
  
  
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<big><big><big>'''The 1960s'''</big></big></big>
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SJS / Siterunner: Against a backdrop of conflict, the 1960s gave rise to a burgeoning movement. Civil rights, free speech, anti-war and anti-nuclear weapons and catastrophe came to light. Across the world many young people and activists were moved to work for peace, nuclear weapons reduction, and social justice. In the U.S. the civil rights movement and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_civil_rights_movement_(1954%E2%80%931968) nationwide civil rights action] challenged racist politics. Environmentalism took on new forms and shapes with ideas that became a legal platform, a first generation of environmental laws that would go worldwide. A new [https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Counterculture+of+the+1960s "counterculture" with youthful vision and organizing] added their voices and stood up to create the beginnings of a global environmental movement. 
  
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With a goal of protecting life, a new environmental movement began to grow, a [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Whole_Earth "Whole Earth" vision] seen for the first time from space in 1968 with the iconic [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_8 Apollo 8 Earthrise image] and a very real 'sense' of our common responsibility for the future of the planet. Students were 'first-movers' who spoke of the existential threat of nuclear war and environmental disaster, and need to 'become' far-reaching with a new vision. Realizations grew internationally that we had created weapons capable of ending humanity and most all life of earth -- and we needed to change this nuclear doomsday threat. Protests and 'teach ins', led by students, and drawing in politicians, communities, media, news with pamphlets, books, music, art and demonstrations crossed continents with new symbols, peace symbols, environmental and eco-awareness.
  
SJS / Siterunner: Against a backdrop of conflict, war and the global risks of nuclear weapons and catastrophe, a movement was born. Across the world many young people and activists were moved to work for peace, nuclear weapons reduction, and social justice. In the U.S., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_civil_rights_movement_(1954%E2%80%931968) civil rights action] was challenging the old ways of politics and a  [https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Counterculture+of+the+1960s "counterculture" of youthful vision] stood out acted to create the beginnings of a global environmental movement.  
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The threads of teach-ins led directly to and [http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement the first Earth Day] in 1970 as students expanded counterculture with action. Across the U.S., a first Earth Day of teach-ins began as a student-initiated movement on college campuses including your siterunner's college where we proposed an environment and peace action day to Senator Nelson, who we met as we organized the national Moratorium and who worked with us to make an Earth Day a national political event. [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:USC_Daily_Trojan_Sen_Nelson_speech_day_after_first_Earth_Day_.jpg At the University of Southern California], our student peace activists continued 1969's anti-war moratorium sharing a positive vision of what was needed -- environmental protection, economic and social justice, new priorities added to the nation's agenda. The work spread quickly. Earth Day's teach-ins reached out to students globally. A worldwide environmental movement became a real and growing political force...
  
Students were 'first-movers' who spoke of the existential threat of nuclear war and environmental disaster. Realizations grew internationally that we had created weapons capable of ending humanity and most all life of earth. Protests and 'teach ins', a counterculture with pamphlets, books, music and art crossed continents with new symbols, peace symbols, environmental and eco-awareness signs. With a goal of protecting life, an environmental movement grew, a [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Whole_Earth "Whole Earth" vision] seen for the first time from space in 1968 with the iconic [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_8 Apollo 8 Earthrise image] and a very real 'sense' of our common responsibility for the future of the planet.
 
  
The threads of teach-ins led directly to and [http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement the first Earth Day] in 1970 as students expanded counterculture to action. Across the U.S., a first Earth Day of teach-ins began as a student-initiated movement on college campuses including your siterunner's college where we proposed an environment and peace action day to Senator Nelson, who worked with us to make it a national political event.  [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:USC_Daily_Trojan_Sen_Nelson_speech_day_after_first_Earth_Day_.jpg At the University of Southern California], our student peace activists continued 1969's anti-war moratorium into a positive vision of what was needed, environmental protection, economic justice, new priorities on the nation's agenda. Earth Day's teach-ins reached out to students globally. A worldwide environmental movement was in the process of becoming real and growing as a political force...
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<small>''"I am convinced that the same concern the youth of this nation took in changing this nation's priorities on the war in Vietnam and on civil rights can be shown for the problems of the environment. Successful teach-ins on all campuses on the same day will have a dramatic impact on the environmental conscience of the nation. They will be immensely effective as an educational effort in arousing public opinion..."''</small>
 
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[[File:USC Daily Trojan Sen Nelson speech day after first Earth Day .jpg]]
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''"I am convinced that the same concern the youth of this nation took in changing this nation's priorities on the war in Vietnam and on civil rights can be shown for the problems of the environment. Successful teach-ins on all campuses on the same day will have a dramatic impact on the environmental conscience of the nation. They will be immensely effective as an educational effort in arousing public opinion..."''
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:''-- Senator Nelson, April 23, 1970 at the University of Southern California''
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:<small>''-- Senator Nelson, April 23, 1970 [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:USC_Daily_Trojan_Sen_Nelson_speech_day_after_first_Earth_Day_.jpg at the University of Southern California]''</small>
  
  
SJS / Siterunner: Inviting Senator Gaylord Nelson to USC as we organized what became the first Earth Day was an extension of peace work in the 1960s that linked to Apollo missions revealing vision-shifting, first-ever images of Planet Earth. We proposed an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day Earth Day event] amid what the Senator called the 'rumblings' as many of us in the student movement organized optimistically with our new 'whole Earth' vision. The profound issues of 60s, civil rights and the war in Vietnam led to what we called "the big picture". This led to seeing with new eyes, with planetary awareness. It became a time for looking ahead and alternatives to politics- and business-as-usual. The modern environmental movement sprang forward and, on April 22nd, the first Earth Day raised its flag.  
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SJS / Siterunner: As a student activist at the University of Southern California, I looked at inviting Senator Gaylord Nelson to USC for the first Earth Day as a natural thing to do. We were organizing what became the first Earth Day as an extension of our peace work and vision-shifting, first-ever images of Planet Earth. We proposed an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day ''Earth Day event''] amid what the Senator called the "rumblings", as many of us in the student movement organized optimistically with our new 'whole Earth' vision.  
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The profound issues of the 1960s, civil rights, and the war in Vietnam were our 'coming of age' story and we dealt with what we called "the big picture". This, in turn, led to seeing with new eyes, with [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Observations '''planetary awareness''']. It became a time for looking ahead and alternatives to politics-as-usual and business-as-usual. The modern environmental movement sprang forward and, on April 22nd, we raised a first Earth Day flag.  
  
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:[[File:Earth Day Flag.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day]]
 
:[[File:Earth Day Flag.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day]]
  
 
:''Earth Day flag''
 
:''Earth Day flag''
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: <big>'''DYK? Yes, we do, we remember the beginnings ! '''</big>  
 
: <big>'''DYK? Yes, we do, we remember the beginnings ! '''</big>  
  
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='''Atmospheric Science'''=
  
  
<big><big>On the 50th Anniversary</big></big>
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:<big><big>'''''Earth Science to Protect & Preserve a Sustainable Earth'''''</big></big>  
  
<big><big>Memories on the Road to the First Earth Day</big></big>  
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[[File:'Thin Blue Layer' of Earth's Atmosphere 2.jpg]]
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[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Climate_Policy <big><big>'''''Climate Policy'''''</big></big>]
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:''Time to act to make a positive difference''
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<big>'''Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists, Preserving & Protecting the Home Planet Earth'''</big>
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: ''From the original NASA Mission Statement: "To understand and protect our home planet"
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GreenPolicy360 Siterunner / SJS: What is almost always overlooked when one talks about the first years of the modern environmental movement is the science, the new science of the environmental movement. Most all media from the era of the 60s and 70s seems to have missed what your GreenPolicy360 siterunner was experiencing first hand -- a history of ideas, a shift in paradigms as what is now called "earth science" and "atmospheric science" and "climate change" and "global warming" first came onto the radar.
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When one looks at today's [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Science_Research_from_Space '''Earth Science Research from Space'''] and accumulative science data acquired over the decades, we are seeing the results of a congressman from my home district, a man called George E. Brown. George became my friend and mentor and together for over 30 years we collaborated as George became a visionary leader in the U.S. House of Representative.
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Here is a touch of what I've written about George's life -- '''[[George E. Brown Jr]]'''
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* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr
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[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/PlanetCitizen '''Planet Citizen'''], [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizens '''Planet Citizens'''], and [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Planet_Citizens,_Planet_Scientists '''Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists'''] at GreenPolicy360 are influenced directly by George Brown. As an engineer with a physics background, George knew we were responsible for the next generation. The environmental movement we were launching would need good scientific data to make the decisions guiding how we respond to the great challenges of our times, the existential threats on multiple fronts. Your GreenPolicy360 siterunner has continued to carry this message under under a banner of earth science. Today, our 21st century earth science missions are tapping into '''the data and scientific results''' of programs designed to produce the knowledge base George Brown knew would be '''needed to make wise and even fateful decisions'''. Whether we make the necessary decisions is up to our generation, every generation has a 'generational responsibility'. We, at GreenPolicy360, see rising challenges all of us must face, as [http://www.planetcitizens.org Planet Citizens] acting with vision...
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Brown_Jr. <big>'''George E. Brown''' - Wikipedia</big>]
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[[File:Good science needs good data .png]]
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::::<small>[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_System_Science '''Earth System Science''':] 'Measuring to Manage' our planet's living, changing systems</small>
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GreenPolicy360's founder was fortunate, beginning in the 1960s, to listen to [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr Congressman Brown Congressman George E. Brown] point to the NASA planning and explain how he saw Congress put into action the reality of a multi-year, coordinated, multi-agency atmospheric/earth science program to achieve mission goals. Earth science, measuring and monitoring Earth's life-enabling systems was given highest priority. Landsat's program was set in motion as a decades long, first-ever digital scanning remote satellites data collecting study. An array of satellites began to launch, creating and combining the expanding resources of NASA, USGS, NOAA, and an array of educational and scientific institutions and aeronautics business.
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The overall goal, Representative Brown would continue to explain in his Congressional Science, Space & Technology leadership roles over the decades, was to understand, preserve and protect our planet as we, humanity, develop the science to look beyond the Earth and study 'the heavens'.
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Here's to George Brown and the many visionaries, thinkers and doers who have carried on '''preserving and protecting''' our home planet.
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<big><big>'''[[Environmental protection]]'''</big></big>
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As George and I worked with him over many years we both grew in our politics as we worked together for peace and environmental protection. Big science was at the center of much of George's future-looking agenda. He believed in green politics and was a mentor to me and many. He became a leader in Congress [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/California_out_in_front_in_a_Green_future from California] who helped shape the modern environmental movement.
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* [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Laws Environmental Laws, Models Going Forward]
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* [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act US National Environmental Policy Act, a "Magna Carta"]
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Today many of the actions of George Brown continue as models for citizens, cities and nations of the world. California and a green political/environmental protection movement that George helped to begin continue to be out in front with ideas to improve quality of life.
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In our GreenPolicy360 work, George's work continues. Even as political opposition to environmental work, anti-nuclear work, anti-war work is at risk, as we look out at a [http://www.strategicdemands.com strategic horizon with pressing demands], the foundations put in place by an earlier generation remain strong.
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<big>'''[[Planet Citizen Action]]'''</big> | <big>'''[[Climate Problems, Climate Solutions]]'''</big>
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George Brown's work remains with us in his legacy of accomplishment. I miss him often but know he is still around. I feel him when I write of green ideas and look to our kids and education and our shared future...
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Let's look at some of what George accomplished before his untimely passing in 1999:
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George was instrumental in proposing and establishing the [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:1977_from_the_Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy.jpg '''Presidential Office of Science and Technology Policy'''] in 1976. He was working alongside the National Academy of Sciences as they released [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/Energy_and_Climate_Report%2C_1977%2C_National_Academy_of_Sciences.pdf '''a first-ever climate report in 1977'''.] In 1977 he and the new Office of Science and Technology sent a first government warning of "climatic fluctuation" and "catastrophic" change to President Carter:
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::[[File:1977 from the Office of Science and Technology Policy.jpg]]
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[[File:Blue green lines 1.png]]
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<big><big><big>''GreenPolicy360''</big></big></big>
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:<big>''"Greening Our Blue Planet"''</big>
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<big><big>''On a Green 50th Anniversary''</big></big>
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<big><big>''Memories on the Road to the First Earth Day''</big></big>  
  
 
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[[File:Earth Day 50th Golden Anniversary.gif]]
  
<big>'''''The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Looks Back at Origins'''''</big>
 
  
''http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/guardian-origins-epa''
 
  
''"American environmentalism dawned as a popular movement on a mild spring afternoon in 1970. Wednesday, April 22nd, brought blue skies, light breezes, and temperatures in the 60s to New York City and Washington, D.C. Much of the rest of the country enjoyed similar conditions. On that day, the influence of nature had particular meaning; the nation held a celebration of clean air, land, and water. Encouraged by the retreat of winter, millions participated."''   
 
  
''"The first Earth Day may have been prompted... by the recent moon landings. When the astronauts [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_Earth_350x350.jpg turned their cameras homeward in December 1968], capturing first images of a [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_8 blue planet], the world [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_8,_Life_Jan10,1969.png looked upon itself with awe and new whole-Earth understanding]..."''
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:::[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_8,_Life_Jan10,1969.png '''''"Earthrise", first visions of "Whole Earth" ''''']
 
  
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[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/EPA_History_Xin_Liu-2010.pdf <big><big>'''EPA History'''</big></big>]
  
:::[[File:Apollo 8, Life Jan10,1969.png]]
 
  
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George was a key player in legislation founding the Environmental Protection Agency. 
  
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As the LA Times noted (without pomp or circumstance) in George's [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jul-17-mn-56747-story.html obituary in 1999]: "He championed the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency". The creation of the EPA was in many ways Congressman George Brown's vision achieved..."
  
[[File:Whole earth catalog 1969.jpg]]
 
  
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[[File: Environmental Protection Agency logo.png]]
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<big>'''The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Looks Back at Origins'''''</big>
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'''* https://www.epa.gov/history'''
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'''* https://www.epa.gov/history/origins-epa'''
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'''* https://www.epa.gov/history/historical-photos-and-images'''
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'''* https://www.epa.gov/history/historical-environmental-topics#historical'''
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'''* https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-order-100027-epa-history-program'''
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The result of Congressional initiative and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reorganization_Plan_No._3_of_1970 Reorganization Plan] to bring together federal agencies and programs to study, monitor and protect the health and well-being of people and the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was established on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970.
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Earlier, in December 1969, Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a bill intended to "create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony" and to "assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings."
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NEPA required any federal agency planning a project that would affect the environment to submit a report on the likely consequences of its plan.
  
  
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''"By late 1969, the subterranean rumblings heralding the impending explosion could already be heard... "Suddenly out of the woodwork come thousands of people talking about ecology."''
 
''"By late 1969, the subterranean rumblings heralding the impending explosion could already be heard... "Suddenly out of the woodwork come thousands of people talking about ecology."''
  
''"It was at just this time that Congress sent to the President a remarkable bill known as the [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act '''National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)''']. Senator Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis)--looking back at the "Environmental Decade" in 1980--called NEPA "the most important piece of environmental legislation in our history."''  
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''"It was at just this time that Congress sent to the President a remarkable bill known as the [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act '''National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)''']. Senator Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis) -- looking back at the "Environmental Decade" in 1980 -- called NEPA "the most important piece of environmental legislation in our history."''  
  
 
''Senator Gaylord Nelson recalls that right after the passage of NEPA, "the issue of the environment exploded on the country like Mount St. Helens." ''
 
''Senator Gaylord Nelson recalls that right after the passage of NEPA, "the issue of the environment exploded on the country like Mount St. Helens." ''
  
  
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<big><big>'''[[National Environmental Policy Act]]'''</big></big>
  
<big><big>'''''[[National Environmental Policy Act]]'''''</big></big>
 
  
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''''' "The Magna Carta of the country’s national environmental laws..." '''''
  
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: ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act''
  
  
<big>'''"Planet Citizen / Planet Citizens"'''</big> 🌎
 
  
:[http://www.planetcitizen.org www.planetcitizen.org]
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:[http://www.planetcitizens.org www.planetcitizens.org]
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<big>''A Modern Environmental Movement Is Born''</big>
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''"When the astronauts [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_Earth_350x350.jpg turned their cameras homeward in December 1968], capturing first images of a [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_8 blue planet], the world [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_8,_Life_Jan10,1969.png looked upon itself with awe and new whole-Earth understanding]..."''
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:::[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_8,_Life_Jan10,1969.png '''"Earthrise", first visions of "Whole Earth" ''']
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:::[[File:Apollo 8, Life Jan10,1969.png]]
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[[File:Whole earth catalog 1969.jpg]]
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🌎 <big>''A Modern Environmental Movement Is Born''</big>
  
  
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SJS / Siterunner: As many of us in the late 1960s on college campuses looked to the future, we began to press politicians to join with us in environmental protection. Young political leaders like California's Jerry Brown and George Brown joined in with the new environmental movement. I personally was fortunate to work with Jerry and George in many ventures, including envisioning and drafting of first green legislation. Jerry was soon to become Governor and earn the moniker of "Governor Moonbeam" for his visionary ideas, and George became a key leader in national science policy, becoming Chair of the science/technology/space committee in the US House of Representatives. Initiatives were put before presidents and Congress and passed due to overwhelming public support. 'Out in front' vision became models (as with many of GreenPolicy's green best practices network models) for cities/states/nations across the globe over the decades. The 1960s/70s/80s formative environmental years are a living legacy. Looking back we continue to see a platform of ideas and vision, a foundation that we are building on ...
 
  
<small>
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'''''Green Appreciation for the Vision & Leadership of Two Browns from California -- 'George & Jerry' '''''
* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr''
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* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/Can_our_environment_be_saved_George_Brown-Omnibus_Environmental_Bill_1969.pdf''
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:* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr
  
* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:US_Public_Law_95-367.png''
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:* http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Governor_Jerry_Brown
  
* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Congressman_george.e.brown.gif''
 
  
* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/National_Climate_Program_Act_Public_Law_95-367_Sept_1978.pdf''
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'''''California "Out in Front"
  
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:* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/California_out_in_front_in_a_Green_future
  
: [http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Env_policy_laws_US_'the_beginning'_of_env_era.jpg <big>'''''Environmental Policy Laws: The Beginnings of a New Era'''''</big>]
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SJS / Siterunner: As many of us in the late 1960s on college campuses looked to the future, we began to press politicians to join with us in environmental protection. Young political leaders like California's Jerry Brown and George Brown joined in with the new environmental movement. I personally was fortunate to work with Jerry and George in many ventures, including envisioning and drafting of first green legislation. Jerry was soon to become Governor and earn the moniker of "Governor Moonbeam" for his visionary ideas, and George became a key leader in national science policy, becoming Chair of the science/technology/space committee in the US House of Representatives. Initiatives were put before presidents and Congress and passed due to overwhelming public support. 'Out in front' vision became models (as with many of GreenPolicy's green best practices network models) for cities/states/nations across the globe over the decades. The 1960s/70s/80s formative environmental years are a living legacy. Looking back we continue to see a platform of ideas and vision, a foundation that we are building on ...
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<small>
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* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/Can_our_environment_be_saved_George_Brown-Omnibus_Environmental_Bill_1969.pdf''
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* ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Congressman_george.e.brown.gif''</small>
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[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Env_policy_laws_US_'the_beginning'_of_env_era.jpg <big>'''''Environmental Policy Laws: The Beginnings of a New Era'''''</big>]
  
  
 
:: [[File:Env policy laws US 'the beginning' of env era.jpg]]
 
:: [[File:Env policy laws US 'the beginning' of env era.jpg]]
</small>
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''''' "The Magna Carta of the country’s national environmental laws..." '''''
 
  
: ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act''
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<big><big>'''[[It's All Related]]'''</big></big>
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: <big><big>'''[[Generation Green]]'''</big></big>
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:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FG0fTKAqZ5g&feature=youtu.be <small>'''''Our Home Planet'''''</small>]
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:[[File:Earth day 2016.jpg|link=http://www.planetcitizens.org]]
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<big>'''''The First Federal Climate Study Plan'''''</big>
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<big>'''''The First National Climate Program Act'''''</big>
  
(Legislation 1978 drafted/sponsored by George E. Brown (D), East Los Angeles)
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(Legislation Passed in 1978, key drafter/sponsor [https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr '''Representative George E. Brown (D)''', East Los Angeles])
  
  
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[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:US_Public_Law_95-367.png '''National Climate Program Act, Public Law 95-367''']
  
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[http://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/National_Climate_Program_Act_Public_Law_95-367_Sept_1978.pdf '''National Climate Program Act of September 1978''']
  
'''''Green Appreciation for the Vision & Leadership of Two Browns from California -- 'George & Jerry' '''''
 
  
:''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr''
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'''In 1979 came the first follow-on [https://www.nap.edu/read/12181/chapter/1 National Science Academy climate science report]. This study and report of national scientists was [https://phys.org/news/2019-07-charney-years-scientists-accurately-climate.html prescient and accurate in its global warming predictions.]'''
  
: ''http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Governor_Jerry_Brown''
 
  
 +
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'''''California "Out in Front"
 
  
:''https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/California_out_in_front_in_a_Green_future''
+
<big>'''Historic Climate Studies'''</big>
  
  
+
GreenPolicy360: Go back to the beginning of climate science. Let us look at the work of Congressman George E. Brown and the Office of Science and Technology Policy - 1977
 +
 
 +
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/George_E._Brown_Jr
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Beginnings of U.S. Climate Policy / National Climate Program Act - 1978'''
 +
 
 +
* https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:US_Public_Law_95-367.png
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 +
 
 +
[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/mw/images/Energy_and_Climate_Report,_1977,_National_Academy_of_Sciences.pdf '''Energy Use & Climate Impact, National Academy of Sciences Study - 1977''']
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Now let's look at what the fossil fuels industry, ExxonMobil, was examining and not revealing...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
::[[File:ExxonMobil CO2 climatic response study - Graphic 1 - 1982.png]]
 +
 
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::[[File:ExxonMobil CO2 climatic response study - Graphic 2 - 1982.png]]
 +
 
 +
 
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''In 1982, in a climate science study that was not released to the public, ExxonMobil predicted that by 2019 the Earth's atmospheric CO2 level would reach about 415 parts per million, raising the global temperature roughly 0.9 degrees C.''
 +
 
 +
''In fact, the world crossed the 415 ppm threshold in 2019 and broke 0.9 degrees C in 2017.''
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Read More:'''
  
 +
<big>'''Exxon: The Road Not Taken'''</big>
  
''http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-order-11102''
+
''After eight months of investigation, InsideClimate News presented this history of Exxon’s engagement with the emerging science of climate change. The story spans four decades, and is based on primary sources including internal company files never before seen, interviews with former company employees, and other evidence.''
  
''http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/birth-epa''
+
''It describes how Exxon conducted cutting-edge climate research decades ago and then pivoted to work at the forefront of climate denial, manufacturing doubt about the scientific consensus that its own scientists had confirmed.''
  
''http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/guardian-epas-formative-years-1970-1973''
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* https://insideclimatenews.org/book/exxon-the-road-not-taken/
  
  
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<big><u>'''''[[Environmental protection]]'''''</u></big>
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[https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Security <big>'''''Environmental Security'''''</big>]
  
  
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https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Sustainability_Policies
 
https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Sustainability_Policies
 
</small>
 
</small>
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·············································································
 +
 +
 +
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<big>'''[[Menton Message 1970]]'''</big>
 +
 +
Menton, France, 1970
 +
 +
A peace & reconciliation movement looking to the peoples of the world and speaking to protection of life and the commons, Earth's environment connecting all
 +
 +
 +
The Message from Menton was followed by a second gathering at the time of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_United_Nations_Conference_on_the_Human_Environment '''U.N. Summit on the Human Environment'''] in Stockholm, Sweden, 1972.
 +
 +
:  Via Wikipedia | ''The Stockholm Declaration of 1972, or the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, is the first UN declaration on the global environment. It consists of 26 principles and led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which laid the foundation for future global environmental governance. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 5–16 in 1972. The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment signifies the first international effort to place environmental issues at the forefront of global concerns. The Conference sought to recognize the finite nature of Earth's resources and human impacts on the environment. It represented the beginning of a global dialogue on the link between economic growth, the pollution of the environment, and the well-being of humanity. The resulting Stockholm Declaration urged its partnering nations to reduce air, land, and water degradation by integrating science and technology in their development plans. It also called nations to create regulations on wildlife protection, environmental conservation, and population control. While the reception of the ideas in the Declaration generally stayed positive, it received wide criticisms on its practical implementation, especially from developing nations.''
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<big>'''''Green Politics: At the Frontlines of Anti-Nuclear Weapons Politics'''''</big>
 
<big>'''''Green Politics: At the Frontlines of Anti-Nuclear Weapons Politics'''''</big>
  
'''''The 1960s on, Green/Environmental Politics working toward a safer, sane world'''''
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[[Category:Youth]]

Revision as of 09:59, 19 June 2022


Earth-fave-icon3.png


🌎 Beginnings of the Modern Environmental Movement


SJS / Siterunner: Against a backdrop of conflict, the 1960s gave rise to a burgeoning movement. Civil rights, free speech, anti-war and anti-nuclear weapons and catastrophe came to light. Across the world many young people and activists were moved to work for peace, nuclear weapons reduction, and social justice. In the U.S. the civil rights movement and nationwide civil rights action challenged racist politics. Environmentalism took on new forms and shapes with ideas that became a legal platform, a first generation of environmental laws that would go worldwide. A new "counterculture" with youthful vision and organizing added their voices and stood up to create the beginnings of a global environmental movement.

With a goal of protecting life, a new environmental movement began to grow, a "Whole Earth" vision seen for the first time from space in 1968 with the iconic Apollo 8 Earthrise image and a very real 'sense' of our common responsibility for the future of the planet. Students were 'first-movers' who spoke of the existential threat of nuclear war and environmental disaster, and need to 'become' far-reaching with a new vision. Realizations grew internationally that we had created weapons capable of ending humanity and most all life of earth -- and we needed to change this nuclear doomsday threat. Protests and 'teach ins', led by students, and drawing in politicians, communities, media, news with pamphlets, books, music, art and demonstrations crossed continents with new symbols, peace symbols, environmental and eco-awareness.

The threads of teach-ins led directly to and the first Earth Day in 1970 as students expanded counterculture with action. Across the U.S., a first Earth Day of teach-ins began as a student-initiated movement on college campuses including your siterunner's college where we proposed an environment and peace action day to Senator Nelson, who we met as we organized the national Moratorium and who worked with us to make an Earth Day a national political event. At the University of Southern California, our student peace activists continued 1969's anti-war moratorium sharing a positive vision of what was needed -- environmental protection, economic and social justice, new priorities added to the nation's agenda. The work spread quickly. Earth Day's teach-ins reached out to students globally. A worldwide environmental movement became a real and growing political force...


"I am convinced that the same concern the youth of this nation took in changing this nation's priorities on the war in Vietnam and on civil rights can be shown for the problems of the environment. Successful teach-ins on all campuses on the same day will have a dramatic impact on the environmental conscience of the nation. They will be immensely effective as an educational effort in arousing public opinion..."

-- Senator Nelson, April 23, 1970 at the University of Southern California


SJS / Siterunner: As a student activist at the University of Southern California, I looked at inviting Senator Gaylord Nelson to USC for the first Earth Day as a natural thing to do. We were organizing what became the first Earth Day as an extension of our peace work and vision-shifting, first-ever images of Planet Earth. We proposed an Earth Day event amid what the Senator called the "rumblings", as many of us in the student movement organized optimistically with our new 'whole Earth' vision.

The profound issues of the 1960s, civil rights, and the war in Vietnam were our 'coming of age' story and we dealt with what we called "the big picture". This, in turn, led to seeing with new eyes, with planetary awareness. It became a time for looking ahead and alternatives to politics-as-usual and business-as-usual. The modern environmental movement sprang forward and, on April 22nd, we raised a first Earth Day flag.


Earth Day Flag.png
Earth Day flag


 

DYK? Yes, we do, we remember the beginnings !
🌎 Beginnings of the Modern Environmental Movement

Christina Korp Earth Day and Apollo 8.jpg


Atmospheric Science

Earth Science to Protect & Preserve a Sustainable Earth


'Thin Blue Layer' of Earth's Atmosphere 2.jpg


Climate Policy

Time to act to make a positive difference


Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists, Preserving & Protecting the Home Planet Earth

From the original NASA Mission Statement: "To understand and protect our home planet"

GreenPolicy360 Siterunner / SJS: What is almost always overlooked when one talks about the first years of the modern environmental movement is the science, the new science of the environmental movement. Most all media from the era of the 60s and 70s seems to have missed what your GreenPolicy360 siterunner was experiencing first hand -- a history of ideas, a shift in paradigms as what is now called "earth science" and "atmospheric science" and "climate change" and "global warming" first came onto the radar.

When one looks at today's Earth Science Research from Space and accumulative science data acquired over the decades, we are seeing the results of a congressman from my home district, a man called George E. Brown. George became my friend and mentor and together for over 30 years we collaborated as George became a visionary leader in the U.S. House of Representative.

Here is a touch of what I've written about George's life -- George E. Brown Jr


Planet Citizen, Planet Citizens, and Planet Citizens, Planet Scientists at GreenPolicy360 are influenced directly by George Brown. As an engineer with a physics background, George knew we were responsible for the next generation. The environmental movement we were launching would need good scientific data to make the decisions guiding how we respond to the great challenges of our times, the existential threats on multiple fronts. Your GreenPolicy360 siterunner has continued to carry this message under under a banner of earth science. Today, our 21st century earth science missions are tapping into the data and scientific results of programs designed to produce the knowledge base George Brown knew would be needed to make wise and even fateful decisions. Whether we make the necessary decisions is up to our generation, every generation has a 'generational responsibility'. We, at GreenPolicy360, see rising challenges all of us must face, as Planet Citizens acting with vision...


George E. Brown - Wikipedia


Good science needs good data .png

Earth System Science: 'Measuring to Manage' our planet's living, changing systems


GreenPolicy360's founder was fortunate, beginning in the 1960s, to listen to Congressman Brown Congressman George E. Brown point to the NASA planning and explain how he saw Congress put into action the reality of a multi-year, coordinated, multi-agency atmospheric/earth science program to achieve mission goals. Earth science, measuring and monitoring Earth's life-enabling systems was given highest priority. Landsat's program was set in motion as a decades long, first-ever digital scanning remote satellites data collecting study. An array of satellites began to launch, creating and combining the expanding resources of NASA, USGS, NOAA, and an array of educational and scientific institutions and aeronautics business.

The overall goal, Representative Brown would continue to explain in his Congressional Science, Space & Technology leadership roles over the decades, was to understand, preserve and protect our planet as we, humanity, develop the science to look beyond the Earth and study 'the heavens'.

Here's to George Brown and the many visionaries, thinkers and doers who have carried on preserving and protecting our home planet.


Environmental protection


As George and I worked with him over many years we both grew in our politics as we worked together for peace and environmental protection. Big science was at the center of much of George's future-looking agenda. He believed in green politics and was a mentor to me and many. He became a leader in Congress from California who helped shape the modern environmental movement.



Today many of the actions of George Brown continue as models for citizens, cities and nations of the world. California and a green political/environmental protection movement that George helped to begin continue to be out in front with ideas to improve quality of life.

In our GreenPolicy360 work, George's work continues. Even as political opposition to environmental work, anti-nuclear work, anti-war work is at risk, as we look out at a strategic horizon with pressing demands, the foundations put in place by an earlier generation remain strong.


Planet Citizen Action | Climate Problems, Climate Solutions


George Brown's work remains with us in his legacy of accomplishment. I miss him often but know he is still around. I feel him when I write of green ideas and look to our kids and education and our shared future...


Let's look at some of what George accomplished before his untimely passing in 1999:

George was instrumental in proposing and establishing the Presidential Office of Science and Technology Policy in 1976. He was working alongside the National Academy of Sciences as they released a first-ever climate report in 1977. In 1977 he and the new Office of Science and Technology sent a first government warning of "climatic fluctuation" and "catastrophic" change to President Carter:


1977 from the Office of Science and Technology Policy.jpg


 


Blue green lines 1.png


 

GreenPolicy360

"Greening Our Blue Planet"


On a Green 50th Anniversary

Memories on the Road to the First Earth Day

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Earth_Day_Memories_on_the_50th_Anniversary


Earth Day 50th Golden Anniversary.gif



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EPA History


George was a key player in legislation founding the Environmental Protection Agency.

As the LA Times noted (without pomp or circumstance) in George's obituary in 1999: "He championed the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency". The creation of the EPA was in many ways Congressman George Brown's vision achieved..."


Environmental Protection Agency logo.png


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Looks Back at Origins

* https://www.epa.gov/history * https://www.epa.gov/history/origins-epa * https://www.epa.gov/history/historical-photos-and-images * https://www.epa.gov/history/historical-environmental-topics#historical * https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-order-100027-epa-history-program


The result of Congressional initiative and Reorganization Plan to bring together federal agencies and programs to study, monitor and protect the health and well-being of people and the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was established on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970.

Earlier, in December 1969, Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a bill intended to "create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony" and to "assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings."

NEPA required any federal agency planning a project that would affect the environment to submit a report on the likely consequences of its plan.


A "Whole Earth" movement was born as citizens of planet Earth looked up and looked back and saw, for the first time, majestic real-time pictures of home.

Years later, the Environmental Protection Agency published its history, including these notable phrases:

"By late 1969, the subterranean rumblings heralding the impending explosion could already be heard... "Suddenly out of the woodwork come thousands of people talking about ecology."

"It was at just this time that Congress sent to the President a remarkable bill known as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Senator Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis) -- looking back at the "Environmental Decade" in 1980 -- called NEPA "the most important piece of environmental legislation in our history."

Senator Gaylord Nelson recalls that right after the passage of NEPA, "the issue of the environment exploded on the country like Mount St. Helens."


National Environmental Policy Act


"The Magna Carta of the country’s national environmental laws..."

http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/National_Environmental_Policy_Act


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"When the astronauts turned their cameras homeward in December 1968, capturing first images of a blue planet, the world looked upon itself with awe and new whole-Earth understanding..."


"Earthrise", first visions of "Whole Earth"


Apollo 8, Life Jan10,1969.png


Whole earth catalog 1969.jpg


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🌎 A Modern Environmental Movement Is Born


File:1969 beginnings of the modern environmental movement.pdf


California and Environmental Politics in the US Congress: Out in Front


Green Appreciation for the Vision & Leadership of Two Browns from California -- 'George & Jerry'


California "Out in Front"


SJS / Siterunner: As many of us in the late 1960s on college campuses looked to the future, we began to press politicians to join with us in environmental protection. Young political leaders like California's Jerry Brown and George Brown joined in with the new environmental movement. I personally was fortunate to work with Jerry and George in many ventures, including envisioning and drafting of first green legislation. Jerry was soon to become Governor and earn the moniker of "Governor Moonbeam" for his visionary ideas, and George became a key leader in national science policy, becoming Chair of the science/technology/space committee in the US House of Representatives. Initiatives were put before presidents and Congress and passed due to overwhelming public support. 'Out in front' vision became models (as with many of GreenPolicy's green best practices network models) for cities/states/nations across the globe over the decades. The 1960s/70s/80s formative environmental years are a living legacy. Looking back we continue to see a platform of ideas and vision, a foundation that we are building on ...


Environmental Policy Laws: The Beginnings of a New Era


Env policy laws US 'the beginning' of env era.jpg


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It's All Related

Generation Green


Our Home Planet
Earth day 2016.jpg


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The First National Climate Program Act

(Legislation Passed in 1978, key drafter/sponsor Representative George E. Brown (D), East Los Angeles)


US Public Law 95-367.png


National Climate Program Act, Public Law 95-367

National Climate Program Act of September 1978


In 1979 came the first follow-on National Science Academy climate science report. This study and report of national scientists was prescient and accurate in its global warming predictions.


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Historic Climate Studies


GreenPolicy360: Go back to the beginning of climate science. Let us look at the work of Congressman George E. Brown and the Office of Science and Technology Policy - 1977


Beginnings of U.S. Climate Policy / National Climate Program Act - 1978


Energy Use & Climate Impact, National Academy of Sciences Study - 1977


Now let's look at what the fossil fuels industry, ExxonMobil, was examining and not revealing...


ExxonMobil CO2 climatic response study - Graphic 1 - 1982.png
ExxonMobil CO2 climatic response study - Graphic 2 - 1982.png


In 1982, in a climate science study that was not released to the public, ExxonMobil predicted that by 2019 the Earth's atmospheric CO2 level would reach about 415 parts per million, raising the global temperature roughly 0.9 degrees C.

In fact, the world crossed the 415 ppm threshold in 2019 and broke 0.9 degrees C in 2017.


Read More:

Exxon: The Road Not Taken

After eight months of investigation, InsideClimate News presented this history of Exxon’s engagement with the emerging science of climate change. The story spans four decades, and is based on primary sources including internal company files never before seen, interviews with former company employees, and other evidence.

It describes how Exxon conducted cutting-edge climate research decades ago and then pivoted to work at the forefront of climate denial, manufacturing doubt about the scientific consensus that its own scientists had confirmed.



Environmental Security


Unprecedented environmental protection bills began a process that continues to this day...

Green, environmental public policies, a foundation on which to build sustainable quality of life...


Wikipedia / Environmental Policy of the United States


Water quality act http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3456400109/water-quality-act-1965.html

Air quality act http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3197&context=lcp

National environmental policy act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act

Clean air act (extended 1970) https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-84/pdf/STATUTE-84-Pg1676.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)

Occupational safety and health act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Act

Consumer product safety act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Act

Federal insecticide, fungicide and rodenticide act http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/lfra.html

Clean water act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Water_Act

Noise control act http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_Control_Act

Endangered species act http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/

Safe drinking water act http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/guidance/sdwa/basicinformation.cfm


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Above.png


Whole Earth

Origins of the modern environmental movement: Earthrise opens our eyes to who we are

Popular culture begins to see the big picture


Buckminister Fuller in 1968, published “Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth.” He called us earth 'astronauts' and we listened and he described how our planet needs continued 'maintenance' in order to keep operating successfully. Earlier, Ray Bradbury in Los Angeles, another creative and visionary 'imagineer' who profoundly influenced students in my generation, had created a new literary term -- Spaceship Earth. We could see the big picture now, a Whole Earth planet flying thru space with us as 'pilots'.

Together, Fuller and Bradbury, influenced Walt Disney (if you can imagine) to create the centerpiece of a new Disneyworld of the future, Epcot, a geodesic story told of Spaceship Earth.


250px-Spaceship_Earth_2.jpg


Read the original design script for Spaceship Earth. I was there to report Epcot's unveiling in Florida. -- Your GreenPolicy360 siterunner


File:RAY BRADBURY Spaceship Earth - Epcot - 1977.pdf


Circa 1969 --- We are spaceship Earth...



Whole Earth @MOMA-Museum of Modern Art exhibit 2011.png


○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○


Apollo Earth 350x350.jpg


The Apollo 8 Earthrise Photo


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrise

http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Earthrise_book_cover_%282008%29.jpg

http://www.ibhanet.org/resources/documents/newsletters/spierearthrisephoto.pdf



On December 21, 2018, the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 8 launch...

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo.jpg

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20181220-the-nasa-mission-that-broadcast-to-a-billion-people

https://qz.com/1501935/photos-apollo-8-brought-us-the-moon-as-never-seen-before/amp/

https://petapixel.com/2018/12/20/how-nasas-iconic-earthrise-photo-was-shot/


Today, fifty years on, Bill Anders says that the most striking image to him was not the Earth as seen from the moon, so much as it was the Earth receding in the distance as they left it behind on their outbound voyage. Arguably, that view has changed us — colored our attitude toward the environment, international affairs, our place in the universe—more than Apollo’s other accomplishments.

“It took a while to affect me,” Anders says, “this beautiful blue ball against the darkest black you could imagine, getting smaller and smaller as we went. It made me realize how insignificant our little planet was.”


Apollo.jpg


http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:Apollo_Earth_350x350.jpg



1972, a Whole Earth exclamation point, Apollo 17's image of "Blue Marble" Planet Earth

http://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Apollo_17


Blue Marble photo - Apollo 17.jpg



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In Memory of Rachel and Her Eye-Opening Science


Rachel Carson courtesy of Rachel Carson Estate.jpg


Rachel Carson ecology - ecosystem.png



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In Memory of David Brower and His Dreams of Changing the World

David Brower quoting Goethe -- “Whatever you can do or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power and magic in it!”

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/David_Brower_and_Friends_of_the_Earth
https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/File:David-brower-environmental-movement-cover.jpg


SJS / Siterunner recalling one of David's favorite quotes as we worked on Green Education projects together with Danny Moses of Sierra Club books.

Recalling David, shortly before his death in 2000, flying to Denver, Colorado, to attend the Green Party's presidential nominating convention and the approval of the founding Green Platform. In an interview: "Ralph is doing what we need to do if we really care about the planet... I'm old... but I'm relying on a lot of young people..." One of David's last acts was to cast his absentee ballot for Ralph.


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A Fierce Green Fire.jpg


In Memory of Aldo Leopold and His Life Affirming Story of the 'Green Fire'


http://aldoleopold.org/greenfire/about.shtml


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Aurora grn.jpg


Planet Citizens... an Ongoing Environmental Movement

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Civil_Liberties

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Civil_Rights

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Human_Rights

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Laws

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Clean_Air

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Clean_Water

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Environmental_Protection

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Eco-nomics

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Alternative_Agriculture

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Food

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Earth_Day

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Green_Politics

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Global_Security

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Renewable_Energy

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Green_Business

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Ecofeminism

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Rights_of_Nature

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Rights_of_Nature_EarthLaw

https://www.greenpolicy360.net/w/Category:Sustainability_Policies


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Menton Message 1970

Menton, France, 1970

A peace & reconciliation movement looking to the peoples of the world and speaking to protection of life and the commons, Earth's environment connecting all


The Message from Menton was followed by a second gathering at the time of the U.N. Summit on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, 1972.

 Via Wikipedia | The Stockholm Declaration of 1972, or the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, is the first UN declaration on the global environment. It consists of 26 principles and led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which laid the foundation for future global environmental governance. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 5–16 in 1972. The 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment signifies the first international effort to place environmental issues at the forefront of global concerns. The Conference sought to recognize the finite nature of Earth's resources and human impacts on the environment. It represented the beginning of a global dialogue on the link between economic growth, the pollution of the environment, and the well-being of humanity. The resulting Stockholm Declaration urged its partnering nations to reduce air, land, and water degradation by integrating science and technology in their development plans. It also called nations to create regulations on wildlife protection, environmental conservation, and population control. While the reception of the ideas in the Declaration generally stayed positive, it received wide criticisms on its practical implementation, especially from developing nations.


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Green Politics: At the Frontlines of Anti-Nuclear Weapons Politics

The 1960s on, Green/Environmental Politics working toward a safer, sane world


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Nuclear Weapons, Nonproliferation v. Proliferation





In 2007, the late Jonathan Schell spoke presciently about the relationship between nuclear weapons and climate change:

“When I wrote The Fate of the Earth in 1982, I said that, first and foremost, nuclear weapons were an ecological danger. It wasn’t that our species could be directly wiped out by nuclear war down to the last person. That would only happen through the destruction to the underpinnings of life, through nuclear winter, radiation, ozone loss.

There has been an oddity of timing because when the nuclear weapon was invented, people didn’t even use the word ‘environment’ or ‘ecosphere.’ The environmental movement was born later. So in a certain sense the most urgent ecological threat of them all was born before the context in which you could understand it. The present larger ecological crisis in that context.

In other words, global warming and nuclear war are two different ways that humanity threatens to undo the natural underpinnings of human, and of all other, life... we may be in a better position today because of global warming, to grasp the real import of nuclear danger.”


The Fate of the Earth


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The Environmental Movement Carries On

The Fate of the Earth Is At Stake

Our Calling Is Clear


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